Add detailed threading and concurrency specification documentation; outline architecture, thread hierarchy, specifications, and identified concurrency issues
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docs/06-threading-concurrency.md
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# Threading and Concurrency Specification
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## Overview
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The tempering machine control system employs a complex multi-threaded architecture with 6 concurrent background threads handling different aspects of system operation. This document details the threading model, synchronization mechanisms, and concurrency issues.
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## Thread Architecture
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### Thread Hierarchy
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```
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Application Process (MainWindow)
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├── UI Thread (Primary)
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│ ├── Avalonia UI Updates
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│ ├── User Input Handling
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│ └── Event Dispatching
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│
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├── MonitorPortsLoop Thread ⭐ (Highest Priority)
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│ ├── Hardware Communication
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│ ├── Recipe Phase Management
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│ ├── Temperature Monitoring
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│ ├── Motor Control Logic
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│ └── Safety System Monitoring
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│
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├── SerialThreadLoop Thread
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│ ├── Modbus Communication Queue
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│ ├── Message Retry Logic
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│ ├── CRC Validation
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│ └── Timeout Management
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│
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├── ScreenLoop Thread
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│ ├── Error State Management
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│ ├── UI Element Enable/Disable
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│ ├── Error Display Logic
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│ └── Button State Control
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│
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├── InteractiveUILoop Thread
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│ ├── Visual Feedback (Flashing)
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│ ├── Status Indicators
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│ └── Animation Updates
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│
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├── TouchLoop Thread
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│ ├── Activity Tracking
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│ ├── Screen Dimming Control
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│ └── Power Management
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│
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└── CheckInternetLoop Thread
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├── Network Connectivity
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├── Internet Access Validation
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└── Connection Status Updates
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```
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## Thread Specifications
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### 1. MonitorPortsLoop Thread (Critical)
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```
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Thread Configuration:
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Name: MonitorPortsLoop │
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│ Priority: ThreadPriority.Highest │
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│ Type: Background Thread │
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│ Frequency: Continuous loop with 100ms intervals │
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│ │
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│ Primary Responsibilities: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ • Hardware State Monitoring │ │
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│ │ • Recipe Phase Transitions │ │
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│ │ • Temperature Control Logic │ │
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│ │ • Motor Coordination │ │
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│ │ • Safety System Enforcement │ │
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│ │ • Error Condition Detection │ │
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│ │ • Timer Management (Heating/Cooling/Pouring) │ │
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│ │ • Pedal Control (Manual/Auto modes) │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ Shared State Access: │
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│ • holdingRegister (Read/Write) │
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│ • Temperature variables (comTankTemp, comFountainTemp) │
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│ • Recipe state variables (Heating, cooling, pouring) │
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│ • Motor state flags (isMixerMotorOn, isFountainMotorOn) │
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│ • Timer objects (heatingTimer, coolingTimer, etc.) │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### 2. SerialThreadLoop Thread (Communication)
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```
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Thread Configuration:
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Name: SerialThreadLoop │
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│ Priority: Normal │
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│ Type: Background Thread │
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│ Frequency: Event-driven with timing controls │
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│ │
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│ Communication Pattern: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Queue Management: │ │
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│ │ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │ │
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│ │ │ Write Queue │ │ Read Queue │ │ │
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│ │ │ (Priority) │ │ (Periodic) │ │ │
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│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
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│ │ │ • Motor │ │ • Temp │ │ │
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│ │ │ commands │ │ readings │ │ │
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│ │ │ • Temp │ │ • Status │ │ │
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│ │ │ setpoints │ │ updates │ │ │
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│ │ │ • Config │ │ • Input │ │ │
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│ │ │ updates │ │ registers │ │ │
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│ │ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ Timing Control: │
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│ • Minimum interval: screenData.sendingTime (100-500ms) │
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│ • Retry attempts: 3 with exponential backoff │
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│ • CRC validation on all messages │
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│ • Timeout handling: 3 seconds per operation │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### 3. ScreenLoop Thread (UI Management)
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```
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Thread Configuration:
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Name: ScreenLoop │
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│ Priority: Normal │
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│ Type: Background Thread │
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│ Frequency: 10ms intervals (high frequency monitoring) │
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│ │
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│ Error Management Logic: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Error Detection (2.5s delay): │ │
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│ │ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │ │
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│ │ │ Error │───▶│ Display │───▶│ Action │ │ │
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│ │ │ Triggered │ │ Message │ │ Disable │ │ │
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│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Controls │ │ │
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│ │ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ Error Recovery (automatic): │ │
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│ │ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │ │
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│ │ │ Condition │───▶│ Clear │───▶│ Re-enable │ │ │
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│ │ │ Cleared │ │ Message │ │ Controls │ │ │
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│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
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│ │ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ UI State Synchronization: │
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│ • Uses Dispatcher.UIThread.Post() for thread safety │
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│ • Manages button enable/disable states │
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│ • Controls error popup visibility │
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│ • Handles recipe pause/resume logic │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## Concurrency Issues and Problems
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### Critical Race Conditions
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```
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Race Condition Analysis:
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ IDENTIFIED ISSUES │
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│ │
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│ 1. Shared Variable Access (HIGH RISK): │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Variables accessed by multiple threads: │ │
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│ │ • holdingRegister.* (MonitorPortsLoop + SerialThread) │ │
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│ │ • Temperature variables (MonitorPortsLoop + UI) │ │
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│ │ • Motor state flags (MonitorPortsLoop + ScreenLoop) │ │
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│ │ • Recipe state variables (MonitorPortsLoop + UI) │ │
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│ │ • Timer objects (MonitorPortsLoop + UI Events) │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ Risk: Data corruption, inconsistent states │ │
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│ │ Current Protection: NONE (No locks or synchronization) │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ 2. Timer Object Management (MEDIUM RISK): │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Multiple threads can: │ │
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│ │ • Create new timers │ │
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│ │ • Dispose existing timers │ │
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│ │ • Change timer intervals │ │
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│ │ • Reset timer states │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ Risk: Memory leaks, timer conflicts, invalid states │ │
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│ │ Current Protection: Partial (null checks only) │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ 3. Error Collection Access (MEDIUM RISK): │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ static List<Error> errors accessed by: │ │
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│ │ • MonitorPortsLoop (Add/Remove errors) │ │
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│ │ • ScreenLoop (Display/Clear errors) │ │
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│ │ • Multiple UI threads (Error status checks) │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ Risk: Collection modification exceptions, data loss │ │
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│ │ Current Protection: ToList() cloning in some places │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### Memory Management Issues
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```
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Resource Management Problems:
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ MEMORY LEAK SOURCES │
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│ │
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│ 1. Timer Objects: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Created: heatingTimer, coolingTimer, pouringTimer, │ │
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│ │ mixerTimer, fountainTimer, pedalTimers │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ Issues: │ │
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│ │ • Not always properly disposed │ │
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│ │ • Can be recreated without disposing previous │ │
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│ │ • Exception handling may skip disposal │ │
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│ │ • Background threads may create orphaned timers │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ 2. Event Handlers: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ UI events registered but not unregistered: │ │
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│ │ • Button click handlers │ │
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│ │ • Timer elapsed events │ │
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│ │ • Dispatcher callbacks │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ Risk: Event handler accumulation, memory growth │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ 3. Serial Port Resources: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ SerialPort objects may not be properly closed: │ │
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│ │ • Exception during port operations │ │
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│ │ • Thread termination without cleanup │ │
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│ │ • Port reset without proper disposal │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## Synchronization Mechanisms
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### Current Approach (Inadequate)
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```
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Current Synchronization:
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ EXISTING PATTERNS │
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│ │
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│ 1. UI Thread Dispatching: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() => { │ │
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│ │ // UI updates from background threads │ │
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│ │ footerMsg.Text = "Status message"; │ │
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│ │ }); │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ ✓ Prevents cross-thread UI access violations │ │
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│ │ ✗ No protection for shared business logic state │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ 2. Serial Communication Queue: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ ConcurrentQueue<SerialRequest> for message queuing │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ ✓ Thread-safe message queuing │ │
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│ │ ✗ No protection for shared state accessed by handlers │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ 3. Semaphore Usage (Limited): │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ SemaphoreSlim _keepSendingLock = new(1, 1); │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ ✓ Protects some serial communication operations │ │
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│ │ ✗ Not used for other shared state protection │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### Recommended Synchronization Strategy
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```
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Improved Synchronization Design:
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ PROTECTION STRATEGIES │
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│ │
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│ 1. State Object Locking: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ class ThreadSafeHoldingRegister { │ │
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│ │ private readonly object _lock = new object(); │ │
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│ │ private HoldingRegister _register; │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ public void UpdateMotor(ushort value) { │ │
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│ │ lock (_lock) { │ │
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│ │ _register.motor = value; │ │
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│ │ } │ │
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│ │ } │ │
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│ │ } │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ 2. Reader-Writer Locks for Temperature Data: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ ReaderWriterLockSlim _tempLock = new(); │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ // Read operations (frequent) │ │
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│ │ _tempLock.EnterReadLock(); │ │
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│ │ var temp = comTankTemp; │ │
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│ │ _tempLock.ExitReadLock(); │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ // Write operations (less frequent) │ │
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│ │ _tempLock.EnterWriteLock(); │ │
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│ │ comTankTemp = newValue; │ │
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│ │ _tempLock.ExitWriteLock(); │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ 3. Concurrent Collections for Errors: │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ ConcurrentBag<Error> errors = new(); │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ // Thread-safe add/remove operations │ │
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│ │ errors.Add(newError); │ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ // Safe enumeration with snapshot │ │
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│ │ var currentErrors = errors.ToArray(); │ │
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│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## Thread Communication Patterns
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### Message Passing Architecture
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```
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Inter-Thread Communication:
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ MESSAGE FLOW │
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│ │
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│ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │
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│ │ MonitorPortsLoop│───▶│ SerialThreadLoop│ │
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│ │ │ │ │ │
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│ │ • Motor commands│ │ • Queue mgmt │ │
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│ │ • Temp setpoints│ │ • Retry logic │ │
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│ │ • Config updates│ │ • CRC validation│ │
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│ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ ▼ ▼ │
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│ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │
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│ │ ScreenLoop │───▶│ UI Thread │ │
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│ │ │ │ │ │
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│ │ • Error states │ │ • Visual updates│ │
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│ │ • Button control│ │ • User feedback │ │
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│ │ • Status updates│ │ • Event handling│ │
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│ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ Communication Mechanisms: │
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│ • Shared memory (current - problematic) │
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│ • Event-driven callbacks │
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│ • Queue-based messaging (serial only) │
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│ • Direct method calls (thread-unsafe) │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### Recommended Event-Driven Pattern
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```
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Event-Based Communication:
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ EVENT SYSTEM │
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│ │
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│ ┌─────────────────┐ Events ┌─────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Publishers │◄──────────── ▶│ Event Bus │ │
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│ │ │ │ │ │
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│ │ • Temperature │ │ • Thread-safe routing │ │
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│ │ Controller │ │ • Event queuing │ │
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│ │ • Motor │ │ • Priority handling │ │
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│ │ Controller │ │ • Error propagation │ │
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│ │ • Recipe │ └─────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │ Manager │ │ │
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│ └─────────────────┘ ▼ │
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│ ┌─────────────────────────┐ │
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||||
│ │ Subscribers │ │
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│ │ │ │
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||||
│ │ • UI Controllers │ │
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│ │ • Error Handlers │ │
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||||
│ │ • Data Loggers │ │
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||||
│ │ • Safety Systems │ │
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||||
│ └─────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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│ Event Types: │
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│ • TemperatureChanged(zone, value) │
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│ • MotorStateChanged(motor, state) │
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│ • RecipePhaseChanged(phase, progress) │
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│ • ErrorOccurred(error, severity) │
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│ • ErrorCleared(error) │
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│ • CommunicationStatus(connected, quality) │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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||||
```
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## Thread Lifecycle Management
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### Startup Sequence
|
||||
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||||
```
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Application Startup:
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||||
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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||||
│ MainWindow Constructor │
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||||
│ │ │
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||||
│ ▼ │
|
||||
│ ┌─────────────────┐ │
|
||||
│ │ Initialize UI │ │
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||||
│ │ Components │ │
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||||
│ └─────────────────┘ │
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||||
│ │ │
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||||
│ ▼ │
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||||
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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||||
│ │ Start Background Threads: │ │
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│ │ │ │
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||||
│ │ 1. serialThread = new Thread(serialThreadLoop.Send) │ │
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||||
│ │ serialThread.IsBackground = true │ │
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||||
│ │ serialThread.Start() │ │
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||||
│ │ │ │
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||||
│ │ 2. internetThread = new Thread(CheckInterNet) │ │
|
||||
│ │ internetThread.IsBackground = true │ │
|
||||
│ │ internetThread.Start() │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ 3. screenThread = new Thread(ScreenLoop.Screen) │ │
|
||||
│ │ screenThread.IsBackground = true │ │
|
||||
│ │ screenThread.Start() │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ 4. InteractiveUIThread = new Thread(Flashing) │ │
|
||||
│ │ InteractiveUIThread.IsBackground = true │ │
|
||||
│ │ InteractiveUIThread.Start() │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ 5. touchThread = new Thread(TouchLoop.Touch) │ │
|
||||
│ │ touchThread.IsBackground = true │ │
|
||||
│ │ touchThread.Start() │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ 6. monitorThread = new Thread(MonitorPortsLoop) │ │
|
||||
│ │ monitorThread.IsBackground = true │ │
|
||||
│ │ monitorThread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest │ │
|
||||
│ │ monitorThread.Start() │ │
|
||||
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
|
||||
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Shutdown Sequence
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Application Shutdown:
|
||||
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
|
||||
│ Window Closing Event │
|
||||
│ │ │
|
||||
│ ▼ │
|
||||
│ ┌─────────────────┐ │
|
||||
│ │ Set Shutdown │ │
|
||||
│ │ Flags │ │
|
||||
│ │ isRunning=false │ │
|
||||
│ │ serialThreadRun=│ │
|
||||
│ │ false │ │
|
||||
│ └─────────────────┘ │
|
||||
│ │ │
|
||||
│ ▼ │
|
||||
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
|
||||
│ │ Cleanup Resources: │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ 1. Close Serial Port │ │
|
||||
│ │ if (_port != null && _port.IsOpen) │ │
|
||||
│ │ _port.Close() │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ 2. Dispose Timers │ │
|
||||
│ │ heatingTimer?.Dispose() │ │
|
||||
│ │ coolingTimer?.Dispose() │ │
|
||||
│ │ pouringTimer?.Dispose() │ │
|
||||
│ │ (etc.) │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ 3. Wait for Background Threads │ │
|
||||
│ │ (Currently missing - threads may not exit cleanly) │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ ⚠️ Issues: │ │
|
||||
│ │ • No proper thread termination synchronization │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Threads may continue running after main exit │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Resource cleanup may be incomplete │ │
|
||||
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
|
||||
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Performance Considerations
|
||||
|
||||
### Thread Performance Profile
|
||||
|
||||
| Thread | CPU Usage | Memory Impact | I/O Operations | Critical Level |
|
||||
|--------|-----------|---------------|----------------|----------------|
|
||||
| MonitorPortsLoop | High (continuous) | Medium | Serial I/O | Critical |
|
||||
| SerialThreadLoop | Medium (event-driven) | Low | High Serial I/O | High |
|
||||
| ScreenLoop | Low (10ms intervals) | Low | UI Updates | Medium |
|
||||
| InteractiveUILoop | Low (animations) | Low | UI Updates | Low |
|
||||
| TouchLoop | Very Low | Very Low | Event checks | Low |
|
||||
| CheckInternetLoop | Low (periodic) | Low | Network I/O | Low |
|
||||
|
||||
### Optimization Opportunities
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Performance Improvements:
|
||||
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
|
||||
│ OPTIMIZATION TARGETS │
|
||||
│ │
|
||||
│ 1. MonitorPortsLoop Optimization: │
|
||||
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
|
||||
│ │ Current: Continuous loop with complex logic │ │
|
||||
│ │ Improved: Event-driven state machine │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Reduce CPU usage by 50-70% │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Eliminate unnecessary temperature checks │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Implement smart polling intervals │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Cache frequently accessed data │ │
|
||||
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
|
||||
│ │
|
||||
│ 2. UI Thread Efficiency: │
|
||||
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
|
||||
│ │ Current: Frequent UI updates from multiple threads │ │
|
||||
│ │ Improved: Batched updates with change detection │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Reduce UI update frequency │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Implement dirty flag pattern │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Batch related updates together │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Use data binding for automatic updates │ │
|
||||
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
|
||||
│ │
|
||||
│ 3. Memory Usage Optimization: │
|
||||
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
|
||||
│ │ Current: Potential memory leaks from timers/events │ │
|
||||
│ │ Improved: Proper resource management │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Implement IDisposable pattern │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Use weak event patterns │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Pool frequently allocated objects │ │
|
||||
│ │ • Monitor memory usage with metrics │ │
|
||||
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
|
||||
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This threading and concurrency specification highlights the complex multi-threaded nature of the current system and the significant concurrency issues that need to be addressed in any migration to ensure system reliability and maintainability.
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user